5 Necessary conditons for the emergence of Revolutions ( Jack Goldstone: “Comparative Historical Analysis and Knowledge Accumulation in the Study of Revolutions”)
Ultimately, Goldstone argues that the foregoing process of knowledge-accumulation has generated consensus that at least five conditions are necessary for a revolutionary episode:
A crisis of state authority: “ in which the state is widely perceived by elites and popular groups as both ineffective and unjust”
A crisis of elite relationships “in which elites become divided, alienated, and polarized into factions that disagree over how to reconstitute state authority”
A crisis of popular welfare where “urban and/or rural groups find it difficult to maintain their customary standard of living”
The emergence of an elite-popular coalition “to attack the authority of the state”
An ideology of opposition “that binds elites and popular groups in their attack on the authorities, justifies that attack, and suggests alternative bases for authority”